The SE2041 host software offers an optional flowchart mode for displaying the lock-in amplifier configuration. This flowchart provides users with a visual representation of the instrument’s internal hardware and algorithmic architecture, facilitating a better understanding of the function of each parameter.

The oscilloscope function features a single signal channel, supporting selectable inputs (signal, reference, and auxiliary) and outputs (signal and auxiliary). It offers various triggering modes and provides users with real-time display of time-domain signals. Each channel boasts a maximum sampling depth of 262,144 points and a maximum sampling rate of 250 MSPS.

The FFT spectrum analysis function analyzes the frequency-domain information of a signal based on waveforms captured by the oscilloscope. Depending on the sampling rate and sampling depth, the frequency resolution of the spectrum analysis ranges from approximately 0.01 Hz to 950 Hz.

The SE2041 features a built-in, independent dual-channel digital PID controller with a sampling rate of up to 3.9 MSPS. Tightly integrated with the lock-in amplifier, the PID controller utilizes the demodulator’s measurements to control output signal parameters—such as amplitude, phase, and frequency—thereby enabling the precise regulation of various controlled variables.

The parameter scanner provides users with convenient, rapid scanning capabilities, enabling the real-time plotting of curves such as frequency and amplitude responses, and offers both single-sweep and continuous-loop scanning modes.

The plotter function offers a rich array of features, including the ability to continuously scroll and display changing time-domain data waveforms, flexibly scale both the horizontal and vertical axes, display various measurement values, toggle between linear and logarithmic coordinates, and show the maximum and minimum values ​​of the current waveform.

The development of biomedicine has put forward higher frequency bands and sensitivity for the measurement of electrical impedance spectroscopy of cellular and subcellular components. Currently, using a digital lock-in amplifier to construct a microfluidic device for electrical impedance spectroscopy measurement is the most effective method.

The impedance cytometry technique is a suitable method to observe the size and velocity of cells in microfluidic channels. It is based on monitoring changes in the dielectric properties of cells as they pass through two electrode pairs in a microfluidic channel. It has a fast response time, no tagging and integrates classification operations.

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