The SE2031 host software offers an optional flowchart mode for visualizing the lock-in amplifier configuration. This flowchart provides users with a diagram illustrating the instrument’s internal hardware and algorithmic architecture, thereby facilitating an understanding of the function of each parameter.

The oscilloscope function features a single signal channel, supporting selectable inputs (signal, reference, and auxiliary) and outputs (signal and auxiliary). It offers various triggering modes and provides users with real-time display of time-domain signals. Each channel boasts a maximum sampling depth of 262,144 points and a maximum sampling rate of 250 MSPS.

The FFT spectrum analysis function analyzes the frequency-domain information of a signal based on waveforms captured by the oscilloscope. Depending on the sampling rate and sampling depth, the frequency resolution of the spectrum analysis ranges from approximately 0.01 Hz to 950 Hz.

The SE2031 features a built-in, independent dual-channel digital PID controller with a sampling rate of up to 3.9 MSPS. Tightly integrated with the lock-in amplifier, the PID controller utilizes demodulator measurements to control output signal parameters—such as amplitude, phase, and frequency—thereby enabling the precise regulation of various controlled variables.

The parameter scanner provides users with convenient, rapid scanning capabilities, enabling the real-time plotting of curves such as frequency and amplitude responses, and offers both single-sweep and continuous-loop scanning modes.

The plotter function offers a rich array of features, including the ability to continuously scroll and display changing time-domain data waveforms, flexibly scale both the horizontal and vertical axes, display various measurement values, toggle between linear and logarithmic coordinates, and show the maximum and minimum values ​​of the current waveform.

Scanning microscope: AFM, STM, SPM

Materials: Carrier mobility, Carrier density, Hall effect, Ultrasonic materials

Transport measurement: Conductivity measurement, Impedance measurement

Noise represents: Noise density, Cross-correlation measurement

Optical experiment: Spectral analysis, Spectral measurement, THz measurement, TDLAS

Sensor measuring: Gyroscope, Photoelectric sensor, Resonator, Accelerometer

Magnetic Sensor: SQUIDs, NV color center, Atomic Magnetometer, VSM

Biomedical: Microfluidic

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Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) is one of the most informative techniques for understanding the electronic structure of paramagnetic substances. EPR spectroscopy is particularly useful for studying (bio)chemical systems with strong local spin densities and their interactions with the environment.

EPR measurements are usually performed in continuous wave (CW) or pulsed (Pulse) mode. The cwEPR spectrometer (see figure) applies a magnetic field of about 0.35 T and measures microwave absorption (X-band) in the 9-10 GHz range. Typically, the microwaves are kept at a fixed frequency and sweep the magnetic field (from 0 mT – 700 mT for the X-band).

Typical Customers:

•  The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

•  Universität Regensburg

•  Rice University

•  Weizmann Institute of Science

•  University of Wisconsin-Madison

•  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

•  University of Texas at Austin

•  Northeastern University

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